ANHEX 


5 

118 

074 


1 


CHART 

AND 

EXPLANATORY    OUTLINE 
REGARDING 


o—i        81    CITIES    IN    24    STATES 

5  ^^" 


9  ^mt  WITH    PARTICULAR   REFERENCE 

2  ^Bs  TO  THE  JEWISH   COMMUNAL   DEVELOPMENT 


BY 

STANLEY  BERO 

National   Organizer 

HEBREW  SHELTERING  6c  IMMIGRANT  AID  SOCIETY 

HEADQUARTERS 

229-231   EAST  BROADWAY 

NEW    YORK 


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LDOUT  BLANh 


EXPLANATORY    OUTLINE 
BY   Mr.   Bero 

New  York,  January  l6th,  1912. 
Hon.  Leon  Sanders,  President, 

Hebrew  Sheltering  &  Immigrant  Aid  Society, 
229  East  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Dear  Sir: 

I  beg  to  submit  herewith  an  outline  explanation  of  the  statistical 
study  made  in  chart  form  covering  my  two  trips  made  through  24 
states  and  81  cities,  in  the  interest  of  the  Society  during  the  past 
year. 

The  results  obtained  consist  of  membership  secured  in  32  cities, 
committees  named  in  48  cities,  yearly  grants  guaranteed  in  11  cities,  and 
increased  yearly  appropriations  secured  in  6  cities.  Cities  visited  for 
the  first  time  should  not  only  be  regarded  because  of  the  financial 
good  that  has  come  from  them,  as  here  the  people  have  for  the  first 
time  learned  of  our  work. 

I  am  satisfied  that  the  work  done  other  than  of  raising  money 
would  meet  with  your  appreciation  as  much  as  the  financial  return. 
This  is  especially  true  because  the  work  accomplished  is  certain  to 
prove  of  benefit  to  the  immigrant  in  the  interior  cities. 

It  will  be  a  source  of  gratification  to  you  to  learn  that  a  number 
of  our  recent  members  were  our  former  beneficiaries.  These  admitted 
the  fact  without  reluctance.  On  the  contrary,  they  felt  a  particular 
pride  in  assisting  it  because  of  their  present  ability  to  aid  others. 

NATURE  OF  PROPAGANDA  CARRIED  ON  DURING  TRIP. 

I  would  bespeak  your  thanks  for  the  courtesy  of  the  pulpit  which 
was  extended  to  me  in  25  cities,  and  to  those  that  lent  me  their 
good  offices  in  the  48  lectures  delivered,  most  of  which  were  illustrated 
by  stereopticon.  In  this  way  the  people  of  the  interior  to  whom 
the  question  of  immigration  was  foreign,  were  enabled  to  learn  of 
the  vast  scope  of  our  work.  Newspaper  interviews  and  comment  on 
our  work  appeared  in  125  papers  from  Coast  to  Coast. 


Many  of  these  clippings  will  prove  conclusively  that  their  tenor 
was  to  create  a  friendly  feeling  for  the  Jewish  immigrant  on  the  part 
of  non-Jewish  employers.  As  a  result  of  this,  a  number  of  inquiries 
reached  me  over  the  phone  in  some  cities,  quite  as  your  office  has 
received  letters  asking  that  it  furnish  immigrant  help  to  fill  certain 
positions.  As  this  organization  is  not  directly  engaged  in  removal 
work  the  parties  were  referred  to  the  Industrial  Removal  Office. 

There  were  28  committee  meetings,  and  I  felt  called  upon  to  write 
35  articles  for  various  papers  while  on  the  road. 

The  nature  of  my  talks  differed  according  to  the  various  audiences 
addressed.  The  fact,  however,  that  our  work  appealed  equally  to 
the  Reformed,  Orthodox,  Conservative  and  Radical  elements  among 
the  Jewish  people,  proves  that  your  policy  is  indeed  a  most  liberal 
one. 

JEWISH  COMMUNAL  ACTIVITIES. 

In  the  81  cities  covered  social  and  educational  organizations  were, 
as  nearly  as  I  can  judge,  carried  on  as  follows:  Excellent  in  4  cities, 
fair  in  13,  good  in  8,  poor  in  10,  splendid  in  4,  urgent  in  6,  and 
there  was  no  provision  at  all  made  in  30  cities.  In  most  cities  where 
the  work  was  necessary,  I  urged  the  establishment  of  such  centers, 
while  in  cities  where  the  work  was  carried  on  already,  I  found  it 
expedient  to  make  recommendations  which  were  appreciated  by  the 
communities.  One  of  the  reasons  why  many  of  the  Jewish  immigrants 
drift  away  from  the  cities  to  which  they  are  directed,  is  the  absence 
of  Jewish  Social  and  educational  centers.  This  is  too  important  to 
be  ignored.  Yet  it  must  be  said  that  it  is  largely  due  to  the  credit 
of  the  Jewish  immigrant  of  recent  years  that  a  number  of  English 
reading  circles  have  been  inaugurated  and  that  comparatively  recent 
comers  are  already  aiding  those  that  have  come  after  them.  These 
immigrants  have  interested  the  older  Jewish  residents  in  urging  the 
establishment  of  English  schools.  Because  of  their  thirst  for  knowledge 
they  have  made  it  possible  for  non-Jewish  immigrants  as  well,  to  take 
advantage  of  the  schools  inaugurated  because  of  their  initiative  of 
these,  the  native-born  are  likewise  making  use. 

In  the  cities  visited  there  are  60  Reformed,  134  Orthodox  and  28 
Conservative  Congregations,  and  in  5  cities  there  are  no  congregations 
at  all.  Provision  for  Hebrew  education  exists  in  63  cities,  and  none 
at  all  in  18  cities.  I  may  add  that  the  Orthodox  Congregations,  as 
well  as  the  Hebrew  Schools  are  improving  in  character.     !Many  of  the 


Orthodox  Congregations  are  beginning  to  feel  the  need  of  having 
English  speaking  teachers,  as  well  as  lecturers.  They  realize  that 
the  hold  of  both  upon  the  younger  generation  can  be  retained  only  in 
that  way.  The  dietary  laws  could  be  observed  in  73  cities;  in  8  there 
is  no  provision  for  Kosher  living. 

Fraternal  organizations  exist  in  59  cities;  in  34<  cities  there  was 
room  for  societies  of  this  character.  In  5  cities  no  organizations 
exist.  The  effectiveness  of  such  organizations  requires  no  comment 
apart  from  the  mention  of  the  educational  and  practical  benefits  that 
might  result  from  their  inauguration. 

Of  benevolent  organizations  there  were  136  aid  societies,  varying 
in  kind,  13  federated  charities.  Only  in  7  cities  no  charities  exist, 
but  it  is  pleasant  to  add  there  is  no  need  of  any.  Of  the  137,  some 
of  the  societies  were  organizations  in  name  only.  They  were  very 
seldom  called  upon  to  render  any  aid  to  the  residents  and  only  once 
in  a  while  were  they  called  on  to  aid  a  stranger.  In  9  cities  i 
had  occasion  to  urge  and  outline  plans  for  the  purpose  of  bringing 
about  federated  charities.  My  object  in  helping  them  in  that  direction 
was  to  bring  about  a  better  understanding  on  the  part  of  the  various 
elements  in  the  community.  Incidentally,  it  was  my  purpose  to  assure 
a  more  wholesome  co-operation  in  that  way  for  national  institutions 
seeking  their   aid. 

INFORMATION  BUREAU. 

The  tabulated  blanks  covering  information  of  many  sorts  filled  out 
and  now  in  possession  of  your  office,  show,  outside  of  printed  queries 
carefully  answered,  also  important  notes.  The  last  in  particular  are 
worthy  of  special  study.  In  my  blanks,  for  instance,  for  certain  cities, 
I  showed  intermarriages  due  to  lack  of  Jewish  young  men  or  Jewish 
young  women  of  proper  ages.  In  one  city  in  Montana  for  instance., 
out  of  60  families,  38  members  of  the  said  families  had  intermarried 
simply  because  they  were  too  far  removed  from  other  Jewish  com- 
munities. The  city  had  not  attracted  any  additional  Jewish  popula- 
tion for  many  years.  It  had  in  fact  lost  by  death  and  removal 
many  of  the  foremost  Jewish  residents.  I  found  similar  conditions 
existing  in  less  grave  proportion  in  various  other  parts  of  the  country. 
Whst  is  certain  is  that  immigration  has  in  many  instances  prevented 
the  spread  of  intermarriage. 

Among    the    81    cities    mentioned    where    Jewish    population    has 


increased  within  the  last  ten  years  from  200  to  800  per  cent,  there  is 
hardly  one  city  where  the  general  economic  conditions  are  not  better 
than  they  were  prior  to  this  influx  of  Jewish  population.  Of  the 
total  number  only  one  city  shows  a  decrease.  When  the  percentage 
of  Jewish  people  is  nil,  the  prospects  of  development  for  the  time 
being  seems  to  be  meagre. 

The  growth  of  population  in  ten  years  in  the  81  cities  enumerated 
shows  an  increase  of  from  100  per  cent,  to  200  per  cent.  The 
tables  showing  an  increase  of  Jewish  population,  for  a  like  period 
marks  a  growth  of  from  200  per  cent,  to  800  per  cent.  With  all 
that  the  proportion  of  Jews  as  compared  with  the  entire  population, 
does  not  indicate  as  large  a  growth  as  that  of  the  general  increase. 
This  simply  proves  that  ten  years  ago  the  number  of  Jewish  people 
in  most  of  the  cities  was  small.  This  increase  is  due  largely  to  the 
movement  on  their  part  to  settle  in  the  interior.  The  increased  Jewish 
immigration  into  the  cities  of  the  interior  is  shown  by  the  official 
reports   of  port  towns  where  the  immigrant's  destination   is   given. 

It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  social  and  economic  status  of  recent 
Jewish  immigrants  of  the  interior  is  quite  high.  This  proves  them 
to  be  a  wholesome  addition  to  the  respective  cities  in  which  they  settle. 
I  found  that  6l  were  gaining  in  Jewish  population  right  along 
and  that  26  showed  no  marked  increase  of  that  character.  49  cities 
out  of  the  81  mentioned  were  attracting  Jewish  artisans,  while  32 
showed  no  increase  of  that  kind  simply  because  they  were  not  in- 
dustrial centers. 

The  opportunities  for  immigrants  and  non-immigrants  as  measured 
by  certain  standards  including  the  cost  of  living,  wages,  condition  of 
health,  climate,  educational  facilities,  etc.,  prove  that  three  of  the 
cities  offer  excellent  opportunities,  25  fair  prospects,  19  good,  and 
three  cities  offer  no  opportunities  whatsoever,  while  31  cities  presented 
meagre  advantages. 

SOCIAL  POSITION  OCCUPIED  BY  JEWS. 

In  the  81  cities  enumerated  on  the  chart  the  social  position  oc- 
cupied by  the  Jew  is  decidedly  worth  while  noting  in  detail.  Chicago 
was  omitted  because  it  is  too  large  a  city  to  get  reliable  figures.  In 
the  remaining  80  cities  156  Jewish  men  were  identified  in  a  civic  way 
with  the  judiciary,  city,  state  or  federal  government. 


In  the  various  professions  such  as  those  of  the  architect,  doctor, 
druggist,  engineer,  lawyer  and  teacher,  1,981  Jews  were  represented. 
It  is  significant  that  the  rank  and  file  of  Jewish  professional  men 
recruited  is  mainly  from  immigrant  families.  This  simply  proves  that 
the  children  of  the  wealthier  and  native-born  have  already  a  field  to 
enter  when  old  enough.  The  children  of  the  poorer  are  compelled  to 
create  a  social  position  for  themselves,  as  the  latter  depend  largely 
upon  their  own  energy,  they  in  many  instances  make  their  mark. 

In  54  cities  the  tabulation  shows  170  factories  owned  by  Jews. 
While  the  needle  industry  was  for  many  years  the  chief  one  with 
which  they  were  identified,  in  recent  years  a  departure  from  it  is  noted 
by  their  entrance  into  a  more  diversified  field. 

CONSTRUCTIVE  SOCIAL  WORK. 

I  had  occasion  to  review  local  social  work  in  7  cities  and  to  make 
surveys  that  proved  of  value  to  8  cities.  In  each  case  my  action  was 
prompted  by  a  desire  to  point  out  new  ways  and  fields  of  work,  thus 
to  mould  the  immigrant  population  speedily  into  acceptable  American 
citizens. 

PANAMA  OPENING. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  Panama's  Opening  would  be  certain  largely 
to  divert  the  stream  of  immigration  from  existing  ports,  I  made  it  a 
point  in  9  cities  which  are  liable  to  be  thus  affected,  to  lay  special 
emphasis  upon  the  character  of  our  work. 

San  Francisco,  for  instance,  will,  upon  the  completion  of  the  Panama 
Canal,  be  reached  by  steamer  from  Europe  in  fifteen  days  and  nine 
hours.  The  cost  of  transportation  will  be  approximately  $10.00  more 
than  through  the  eastern  ports.  While  it  is  a  matter  of  four  years 
hence,  still,  being  in  San  Francisco,  I  felt  that  as  your  representative 
it  is  my  duty  to  prepare  the  Jewish  community  there  in  such  a  way 
that  they  may  be  able  to  handle  the  problem  intelligently  when  it 
becomes  theirs.  My  outline  of  the  plan  presented  to  some  of  the  most 
influential  men  in  San  Francisco,  covered  a  detail  of  the  manner  in 
which  our  work  is  being  done.  It  likewise  showed  how  they  may 
be  able  to  utilize  the  immigrant  when  they  get  him,  so  that  he  properly 
guided,  might  assure  the  highest  expectancy  for  his  own  and  the  state's 
good. 


As  a  result  of  this  plan  considerable  correspondence  between  our 
office  and  San  Francisco  has  followed.  Several  gentlemen  from  that 
city,  I  understand,  have  visited  our  institution  for  the  purpose  of 
studying  our  system  so  as  to  be   able  when  time  calls  to  adopt   it. 

CONCLUSION. 

I  had  occasion  to  write  letters  to  co-operating  societies  of  a  national 
character,  both  in  New  York  and  elsewhere  advising  them  of  things 
important  for  them  to  know. 

My  visits  in  various  cities  in  the  interior,  did,  it  seems  to  me,  con- 
siderable good.  It  not  alone  had  the  purpose  of  showing  convincingly 
to  my  audiences  the  manifold  activities  which  we  have  lately  added  to 
our  work,  but  likewise  to  prove  to  them  that  hardly  a  month  passes 
that  some  new  feature  does  not  press  itself  upon  our  attention. 

It  has  been  my  pleasant  task,  as  your  representative,  from  coast 
to  coast,  in  a  humble  way,  to  help  awaken  in  our  Americanized 
brethren  a  fuller  realization  of  their  duties  toward  the  immigrant.  It 
is  now  generally  believed  that  the  immigrant  must  be  given  intelligent 
guidance  in  order  that  he  may  become  a  desirable  factor  in  our  body 
politic. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Stanley  Beho. 


